Housing, immigration, welfare, health, defence, science, innovation, education... and so on. There's a long list of things people need, want, hope for, and expect to access. Some believe governments should provide these services, others prefer government keep their noses out of their business, and their pockets. There's also a spectrum of more nuanced perspectives either side and betwixt those positions.
politics
Democracy, anarchy, and tyranny are three very different organising principles people use to make decisions, allocate resources, and define culture. There are others. Wikipedia's list of forms of government has many more.